Association between adolescents who are victims of bullying and weapon possession

Abstract Objective To verify the association between victims of bullying and weapon possession among school adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,296 high school students aged 14-19 years. An instrument containing questions from the validated Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire and the National School Health Survey was used. To describe the profile of interviewees, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, and the chi-square test was applied to verify the existence of associations. To test the association of bullying with weapon possession, Poisson logistic regression (univariate and multivariate) was used. The significance level used for all analyses was 5%. Results Among adolescents interviewed, 23.1% reported being victims of bullying. Among victims of bullying, 37.6% (PR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.30 - 2.17) reported having already carried some type of weapon (knife, revolver, or truncheon) in the last 30 days, while the reported firearm possession was 38% (PR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.16 - 2.40) and 47.5% of these adolescents carried some type of weapon (knife, revolver or truncheon) in the school environment (PR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.50 - 2.93). Conclusions It could be observed that adolescents who are victims of bullying are twice as likely of carrying some type of weapon (knife, revolver, or truncheon) to the school environment, and are also more likely of carrying a firearm.

Procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde entre adolescentes: um estudo multinível / Demand for health services or professionals among adolescents: a multilevel study

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde pelos adolescentes com determinantes individuais e com variáveis contextuais, modalidade de ensino da escola e Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social. Os dados foram coletados no período de março a junho de 2018, em escolas públicas estaduais de Olinda, Pernambuco, através de um questionário estruturado com questões do Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). Dentre os 2.454 adolescentes, a proporção daqueles que procuram por um serviço de saúde foi maior: no sexo feminino; em adolescentes cujas as mães tivessem escolaridade mínima de nove anos; naqueles fisicamente ativos; e cujos responsáveis não recebiam Bolsa Família. Observou-se que as variáveis contextuais não influenciaram a procura por serviços de saúde entre os adolescentes. No terceiro modelo da análise multinível, que analisou as variáveis individuais, observou-se que apenas o sexo feminino (OR=1,80), ter mãe com escolaridade maior ou igual a nove anos de estudo (OR=1,30), não receber Bolsa Família (OR=1,23) e ser ativo fisicamente (OR=1,32) foram associados a uma maior procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the demand for health services or professionals by adolescents with individual determinants and contextual variables (school teaching modality and Social Vulnerability Index). Data were collected from March to June 2018, in state public schools in Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil, through a structured questionnaire with questions from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Among the 2,454 adolescents, the proportion of those looking for a health service was higher among women; in adolescents whose mothers had a minimum of nine schooling years; in the physically active; and whose parents did not receive a family aid (Bolsa Família). We observed that the contextual variables did not influence the demand for health services among adolescents. In the third model of the multilevel analysis, which analyzed the individual variables, we observed that only females (OR=1,80), having a mother with schooling greater than or equal to 9 years of study (OR=1,30), not receiving Bolsa Família (OR=1,23), and physically active (OR=1,32) were associated with an increased demand for health services or professionals.

Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Reliability Analysis of the Survey of Anxiety and Information for Dentists (SAID) among Brazilian Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate, perform a cross-cultural adaptation and reliability analysis of the Survey of Anxiety and Information for Dentists (SAID) for use with Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: The SAID was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and back-translated to English. An expert committee compared both versions and examined their equivalence. Then, a face validation was performed with 10 adolescents. The SAID was applied in printed format with 25 questions. Participants answered and commented on the questions with a researcher to confirm the understanding and provide suggestions. The suggestions were implemented, and the expert committee approved the final version of the SAID in Brazilian Portuguese. The psychometric properties were tested with 60 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Participants answered the Brazilian version of the SAID before their first dental appointment and two weeks later to determine test-retest reliability. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest (ICC). Results: The instrument presented excellent reliability according to internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.77) and test-retest coefficients (ICC = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.81-0.93). The Kappa coefficients and the degree of agreement of the dichotomous questions indicated good reproducibility of the new version. Conclusion: The SAID translation, cross-cultural adaptation and reliability analysis were completed successfully. Thus, the Brazilian version of the SAID can be a useful survey tool for dental care of adolescent patients.

Association between cigarette use and adolescents' behavior

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25-1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03-1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37-1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15-2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43-2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22-2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12-5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24-5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57-3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32-3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.

Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation of Traditional Masculinity and Femininity Scale (TMF-s) for use with Brazilian University Students / Tradução e Adaptação Transcultural da Escala de Masculinidade e Feminilidade Tradicionais (TMF-s) para uso em Universitários Brasileiros

Men and women seem to have different susceptibilities to disease and dissimilar responses to pain. These differences are not well understood. Understanding those variations between men and women from the perspective of gender identity can contribute to disparities observed in the health field. Since 1980, efforts have been made to develop instruments that can help to categorize individuals according to their own gender perception. One of these, recently developed, is the Traditional Masculinity and Femininity Scale (TMFs). The advantage of this scale is to allow the gender self-identification without the need for attributes. The aim of this study is to present the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the TMFs for applicability in studies in the Brazilian population. The cross-cultural adaptation followed the steps: 1) authorization by the authors; 2) initial translation into Portuguese; 3) cultural, conceptual, experimental and idiomatic adaptation to the target population; 4) retroversion; 5) assessment by a revision committee; and 6) pretest. The equivalence of measurement, corresponding to the psychometric properties to a gold standard, is in progress. In conclusion, the original version of the TMF scale, having been translated, culturally adapted, and validated into Brazilian Portuguese has proven to be a reliable instrument that is easy to use, and can be used in both clinical practice and clinical trials in the evaluation of gender identity. (AU)

Homens e mulheres parecem ter diferentes suscetibilidades às doenças e respostas diferentes à dor. Essas disparidades não são bem compreendidas. A compreensão dessas variações entre homens e mulheres na perspectiva da identidade de gênero pode contribuir para as disparidades observadas no campo da saúde. Desde a década de 1980, esforços têm sido feitos para desenvolver instrumentos que possam ajudar a categorizar os indivíduos de acordo com sua própria percepção de gênero. Uma delas, recentemente desenvolvida, é a Escala de Masculinidade e Feminilidade Tradicionais (TMFs). A vantagem desta escala é permitir a auto identificação do gênero sem a necessidade de atributos. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o processo de adaptação transcultural dos TMFs para aplicabilidade em estudos na população brasileira. A adaptação transcultural seguiu os passos: 1) autorização dos autores; 2) tradução inicial para o português; 3) adaptação cultural, conceitual, experimental e idiomática à população-alvo; 4) retroversão; 5) avaliação por um comitê de revisão; e 6) pré-teste. A equivalência de medida, correspondente às propriedades psicométricas de um padrão-ouro, está em andamento. Em conclusão, a versão original da escala TMF, traduzida, adaptada culturalmente e validada para o português brasileiro, mostrou-se um instrumento confiável e de fácil utilização, podendo ser utilizada tanto na prática clínica quanto nas pesquisas para a avaliação da identidade de gênero. (AU)

Autopercepção negativa de saúde associada à violência escolar em adolescentes / Negative self-perceived health associated with school violence in adolescents

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a associação entre autopercepção negativa em saúde e violência escolar em adolescentes estudantes do Município de Olinda - PE. Estudo transversal, analítico e de base escolar com amostra constituída por 2.614 adolescentes, selecionados por meio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória em conglomerados. As informações foram obtidas através do questionário "Youth Risk Behavior Survey" de onde foram retiradas as questões de violência bem como da autopercepção de saúde. Os dados foram tabulados pelo programa Epi-data versão 3.1 e transcrito para o SPSS versão 22. Utilizou-se os teste do Qui-quadrado e o modelo de regressão logística binária stepwise para análise dos dados. Observou-se que 26,7% dos adolescentes tinham uma autopercepção negativa em saúde, sendo maior entre as moças. Em relação à violência escolar, a autopercepção negativa esteve associada ao sentimento de tristeza, pensamento suicida, bullying na escola, roubado na escola e segurança na escola. Sexo e idade também se mantiveram associadas (p < 0.05). Reforça-se a necessidade de ações de cultura e paz na adolescência, envolvendo o ambiente escolar, a fim de refletir na analise de saúde pobre dos adolescentes reduzindo também o índice de violência.

Abstract Objective To verify the association between negative self-perception of health and school violence in adolescent students of the Municipality of Olinda (PE), Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional, analytical and school-based study with a sample consisting of 2,614 adolescents selected through a strategy of random sampling in conglomerates. The information was obtained through the questionnaire "Youth Risk Behavior Survey" from which the issues of violence and self-perceived health were retrieved. Data were tabulated by Epi-data version 3.1 program and transcribed for SPSS version 22. The Chi-square test and the stepwise binary logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Results We observed that 26.7% of adolescents had a negative self-perception of health, and this was greater among girls. Concerning school violence, negative self-perception was associated with feelings of sadness, suicidal thoughts, bullying at school, robbery at school and safety at school. Gender and age were also associated (p < 0.05). Conclusion We reinforce the need for culture and peace actions in adolescence, involving the school environment to reflect on poor health assessed by adolescents and reduce the rate of violence.

Prevalência e fatores associados à autopercepção negativa em saúde de adolescentes: um estudo piloto / Prevalence and factors associated with negative self-perception in adolescents' health: a pilot study

O objetivo desse estudo é identificar a prevalência de autopercepção em saúde negativa dos adolescentes de uma escola da cidade de Olinda ­ PE, assim como apresentar os fatores associados ao nível socioeconômico e aos hábitos comportamentais. Trata-se de um estudo Piloto, do tipo transversal, analítico e de base escolar, realizado em fevereiro de 2016. Foram selecionados para o estudo, adolescentes, devidamente matriculados, com idade entre 12 e 19 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio do questionário adaptado, traduzido para o português do Brasil "Youth Risk Behavior Survey" versão 2013. A variável dependente para esse estudo foi a autopercepção negativa em saúde, que foi coletada a partir de uma pergunta: "De maneira geral, como você classifica sua saúde?" com opção de resposta tipo Likert com 5 pontos. Os adolescentes que optaram pela resposta "Nada saudável" e "Não muito saudável" foram alocados para o grupo de autopercepção negativa em saúde. No geral, 202 adolescentes fizeram parte da amostra, sendo 61,5% eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de autopercepção negativa em saúde foi de 27,6% e os fatores associados foram: sexo (p<0,000); sentir-se triste nos últimos 30 dias (p<0,003); pensar em se suicidar (p<0,002) e percepção inadequada do seu peso corporal (p<0,003). Avaliar o estado de saúde e os fatores interligados a uma autopercepção negativa em adolescentes é uma importante ferramenta para diversas tomadas de decisões, especialmente, para intervir a nível da comunidade com o objetivo de contornar os comportamentos de riscos com finalidade de apresentar melhores níveis de saúde para essa população.

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of negative self-perceived health in adolescents at a school in the city of Olinda, in the state of Pernambuco, as well as presenting the factors associated with socioeconomic level and behavioral habits. This is a cross-sectional, analytical and school-based pilot study developed in February 2016. Adolescents duly enrolled at school, aged between 14 and 19 years, were selected for this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, version 2013, translated into Brazilian Portuguese. The dependent variable for this study was the negative self-perception of health, which was collected from the following question: "Overall, how do you rate your health?" with a Likert-type response option with 5 points in a scale. Adolescents who chose "Not healthy" and "Not very healthy" were placed into the negative self-perceived health group. Overall, a total of 202 adolescents were part of the sample, with 61.5% being girls. The prevalence of negative self-perception in health was 27.6% and the associated factors were: gender (p <0.000); feeling sad in the past 30 days (p <0.003); thinking about suicide (p <0.002); and inadequate perception of their body weight (p <0.003). Assessing the health status and factors associated with negative self-perception in adolescents is an important tool for many decision-making matters, especially for intervening at a community level with the aim of circumventing the risk behaviors to present better health levels for this population.

Consumo de álcool e violência física entre adolescentes: quem é o preditor? / Alcohol consumption and physical violence among adolescents: which is the predictor?

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi investigar na literatura a associação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e violência física, com ênfase em identificar o preditor entre eles. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, adotando como descritores: "violence", "alcohool drinking" e "adolescent". Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2014, e que analisassem a associação entre o consumo de álcool e a violência física, usando análise multivariada. Do total de 1667 artigos, 29 se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão. O consumo de álcool foi a variável mais investigada como preditora do envolvimento em violência física, quando o adolescente é o perpetrador ou a vítima da violência, com associação significativa em 19 estudos. No entanto, quando a vitimização foi investigada como preditora (7 estudos), na maioria destes (6) houve associação significativa com a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas. O consumo de bebida alcoólica se mostrou preditor da violência física, tanto para o adolescente perpetrador quanto para aquele vítima da violência. Entretanto, ter sido vítima de violência na infância e na adolescência também pode levar o adolescente ao consumo do álcool.

Abstract The scope of this integrative review was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence in the literature, with an emphasis on identifying the predictor between them. A search was conducted in the Lilacs, Medline and SciELO databases, adopting "violence," "alcohool drinking" and "adolescent" as descriptors. It included articles published between 2005 and 2014 that analyzed the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence using multivariate analysis. Of the total of 1667 articles located, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Alcohol consumption was investigated more as a predictor of involvement in physical violence when the teenager is the perpetrator or the victim of violence, with a significant association found in 19 studies. However, when victimization was investigated as a predictor (7 studies), most of these (6) revealed no significant association with the intake of alcoholic beverages. The consumption of alcohol has proven to be the predictor of physical violence for both the teen perpetrator and for the adolescent victim of violence. However, having been the victim of violence in childhood and adolescence may also lead adolescents to alcohol consumption.

Children's Anxiety during Dental Treatment with Minimally Invasive Approaches: Findings of an Analytical Cross-sectional Study

Objective: To assess children's anxiety before, during and after dental treatment with minimally invasive approaches: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) and Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application. Material and Methods: This analytical crosssectional study, in which 1306 children were initially examined, and from these, those that had at least one deciduous molar with dentin caries (score 5 ICDAS) were selected, being indicated to ART and SDF treatments. The final sample consisted of 94 children, 46 girls and 48 boys, aged between 6 and 8 years old. Each child received an ART or SDF procedure, and in all interventions, operators and treatments were randomized. Dental anxiety was assessed by facial image scale (FIS) before, during and after minimally invasive approaches. Results: Dental anxiety prevalence was of 34% before the minimally invasive approaches. Children showed a higher anxiety level during interventions (ART and SDF). And, after the service was finished, there was an increase in children with high anxiety, which ranged from 3.1% (before treatment) to 9.6% (after treatment). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the anxiety related to the types of treatment and conformation of the cavities (class I and II). Conclusion: Both child groups had higher anxiety levels during treatments, both in ART and SDF approaches.

Binge drinking and illicit drug use among adolescent students / Uso de drogas ilícitas e binge drinking entre estudantes adolescentes

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of illicit drug use and its association with binge drinking and sociodemographic factors among adolescent students. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with probabilistic conglomerate sampling, involving 1,154 students, aged 13 to 19 years old, from the public school system, in the city of Olinda, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, carried out in 2014. We used the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire, validated for use with Brazilian adolescents. The Chi-square test (≤ 0.05) and Poisson regression analysis were used to estimate the prevalence ratios, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Use in life of illicit drugs was four times more prevalent among students who reported binge drinking (95%CI 3.19-5.45). Being in the age group of 16 to 19 years, being male, and having no religion were also significantly associated with illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of use in life of illicit drugs was higher in this study than in other studies carried out in Brazil and it was strongly associated with binge drinking. This factor was associated with gender, age, and religion.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência do uso de drogas ilícitas e sua associação com binge drinking e fatores sociodemográficos entre estudantes adolescentes. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística por conglomerado, envolvendo 1.154 estudantes, de 13 a 19 anos de idade, da rede pública de ensino, no município de Olinda, PE, 2014. Foi utilizado o questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey, validado para uso com adolescentes brasileiros. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado (≤ 0,05) e análise de regressão de Poisson, para estimar razões de prevalência, com intervalos com 95% de confiança. RESULTADOS O uso na vida de drogas ilícitas foi quatro vezes mais prevalente entre os estudantes que relataram o binge drinking (IC95% 3,19-5,45). Estar na faixa etária de 16 a 19 anos, ser do sexo masculino e não ter religião também foram significativamente associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas. CONCLUSÕES A prevalência do uso de drogas ilícitas na vida foi superior a outros estudos realizados no Brasil e esteve fortemente associado ao binge drinking. Esse fator mostrou associação com gênero, idade e religião.

Ansiedade relacionada ao tratamento odontológico em pacientes infantis: uma revisão da literatura / Prevalence of dental anxiety in pediatric patients: a review of the literature

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de ansiedade relacionada ao tratamento odontológico em pacientes infantis. MÉTODOS: Revisão da literatura, realizada através da busca ativa de informações na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (www.bireme.br) nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, totalizando a produção bibliográfica de um período de 10 anos (2004-2013). Foram adotados os seguintes descritores: "Ansiedade ao tratamento odontológico" e "Prevalência", de forma integrada. E foram utilizados os seguintes filtros: como limite, crianças e pré-escolares; publicados nos idiomas inglês, espanhol ou em português; e do tipo artigo científico. A seleção dos artigos, através da análise dos resumos, teve como critérios de inclusão: assunto principal relacionado a ansiedade odontológica indicando sua prevalência, população com idade de até 14 anos de idade (crianças) e amostra representativa da população escolar ou da população em geral. O processo de análise para avaliação e seleção dos artigos foi realizado por dois pesquisadores, de forma independente, com posterior confronto dos resultados para obtenção dos textos selecionados por consenso. Em casos de divergência ou dúvidas quanto à inclusão do trabalho, houve a participação de um terceiro pesquisador avaliador. RESULTADOS: O total de referências obtidos através dessa busca foi de 353, que após o uso dos filtros, resultou em 57 artigos. Sendo que destes, 11 foram selecionados para esse estudo. A ansiedade odontológica variou de 6,1% a 74,1% em diferentes países. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se uma elevada variação na prevalência de ansiedade odontológica nos estudos investigados, com percentuais significativos nas populações estudadas

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dental anxiety treatment in pediatric patients. METHODS: Review of the literature performed by actively seeking information on the Virtual Health Library www.bireme.br) in MEDLINE and LILACS databases, totaling a bibliographic production to a period of 10 years (2004-2013). The following parameters were adopted: "Dental anxiety" and "Prevalence", in an integrated manner. And the following flters were used: as limit, children and preschoolers; published in English, Spanish or Portuguese languages; and scientifc article type. A selection of articles, by reviewing the abstracts, had the following inclusion criteria: primary issue related to dental anxiety indicating its prevalence, population aged less than 14 years (children) and representative sample of the school population or the general population. The review process for evaluation and selection of articles was conducted by two researcher, independently, with subsequent comparison of the results to obtain the texts selected by consensus. In cases of disagreement or doubt as to the work inclusion, there was the participation of a third appraiser researcher. RESULTS: The total number of references obtained through that search was 353, which after using flters, resulted in 57 articles. And of these, 11 were selected for this study. Dental anxiety ranged from 6.1% to 74.1% in different countries. CONCLUSION: There was a high variation in the prevalence of dental anxiety in studies investigated, with signifcant percentages in the populations studied

CONHECIMENTO DE ESTUDANTES DE ODONTOLOGIA SOBRE TRANTORNOS ALIMENTARES - UM ESTUDO PILOTO / Knowledge of students of dentistry on eating disorders - a pilot study

Os transtornos alimentares caracterizam-se por severas perturbações no comportamento alimentar que podem apresentar além de várias alterações sistêmicas relacionadas ao comprometimento do estado nutricional, causar alterações na cavidade bucal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes do curso de graduação em odontologia, sobre o tema Transtornos alimentares, assim como validar o instrumento de coleta de dados. Inicialmente realizou-se a validação de face, que ocorreu em um pré-teste com 20 estudantes. Em seguida participaram do estudo 102 estudantes universitários do curso de Odontologia de duas faculdades do Estado de Pernambuco. O índice de reprodutibilidade foi realizado com uma amostra de 82 universitários. De acordo com os valores na interpretação dos escores de Kappa os resultados obtidos variaram de concordância moderada a grande concordância. Todos os estudantes apresentaram algum grau de conhecimento e interesse sobre o tema, predominando moderado, tanto o conhecimento como o interesse.

Eating disorders are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behavior that can present along with several systemic disorders related to impaired nutritional status, cause changes in the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to to evaluate the knowledge of students in dentistry, on the topic Eating Disorders, as well as validate the data collection instrument. Initially there was the face validity, which occurred in a pretest with 20 students. Then participated in the study 102 Dental students from two colleges in the State of Pernambuco. The reproducibility index was performed with a sample of 82 students. According to the values in the interpretation of the results of Kappa scores obtained from moderate to high concordance correlation. All students had some degree of knowledge and interest about the topic, predominantly moderate, both knowledge and interest.

Traumatismo dentário em adolescentes entre 15 e 19 anos na cidade do Recife / PE e fatores associados - estudo preliminar / Traumatic tooth injuries and associated factors in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in Recife/PE/Brazil - a preliminary study

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de traumatismo dentário e fatores associados em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos da cidade do Recife/PE. Metodologia: a amostra foi composta por 148 adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exames clínicos e entrevistas realizadas nos intervalos das aulas. Os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher foram utilizados para verificar a associação entre as variáveis. O nível de significância utilizado foi de 5%. A prevalência encontrada foi de aproximadamente 15%. Resultados: os dentes mais afetados foram os incisivos centrais superiores. A maioria dos adolescentes apresentou um único dente atingido por trauma. As principais causas de trauma dental foram: brincando com outras pessoas (45,5%) e quedas (18,2%). Não houve associação entre a presença de traumatismo dental e overjet acentuado e/ou cobertura labial inadequada. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre prevalência de traumatismo e o sexo dos adolescentes. O tipo de escola não foi associado à presença de traumatismo.Conclusão: a prevalência de traumatismo dental em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de idade da cidade do Recife foi relativamente alta, porém não foi observada associação entre overjet e cobertura labial...

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of traumatic tooth injuries and associated factors in Adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil. Method: The sample consisted of 148 adolescents of both genders. Data were collected by clinical examinations and interviews conductedbetween classes. Pearson?s chi-square and Fisher?s exact tests were used to assess the association among the variables. The significance level was set at 5%. The prevalence was approximately 15%. Results: The most affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors. Most adolescents had a single hit tooth trauma. The main causes of dental trauma were playing with someone (45.5%) and falls (18.2%). There was no association between dental trauma and severe overjetand/or inadequate lip coverage. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of trauma and gender of the adolescents. The type of school was not associated with the presence of traumatic tooth injuries. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in Recife was relatively high, but no association was foundbetween overjet and lip coverage...

A saúde oral e os transtornos alimentares entre adolescentes / The Oral Health and eating disorders among adolescents

Os transtornos alimentares são severas perturbações no comportamento alimentar que podem apresentar além de várias alterações sistêmicas relacionadas ao comprometimento do estado nutricional, causar alterações na cavidade bucal. O objetivo foi investigar a relação entre saúde bucal e transtornos alimentares entre adolescentes através da revisão da literatura. Observou-se uma prevalência de 33,1% para possíveis transtornos alimentares entre adolescentes, destacando-se feminino em 90 a 95% dos casos. Verificou-se que os transtornos alimentares de ordem comportamental têm efeitos sobre a saúde bucal e ocorrem principalmente entre a população adolescente. A alteração bucal de maior frequência é a erosão dental, em geral relacionada a episódios de regurgitação. O cirurgião-dentista pode ser o primeiro profissional a realizar o diagnóstico, contribuindo para o tratamento.

The eating disorders are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behavior that may present as well as several systemic changes related to impairment of nutritional situation, can cause changes in the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral health and eating disorders among adolescents through review of the literature. Were incorporated 15 articles to met the criteria established in the methodology. There was a prevalence of 33.1% for possible eating disorders among adolescents, especially females present in 90 to 95% of cases. It was verified that eating disorders are behavioral-order effects on oral health and occur mainly among the adolescent population that is most vulnerable. The change of mouth more frequently among patients with eating disorders dental erosion is usually related to episodes of regurgitation. As a result of oral abnormalities caused by eating disorders, the dentist can be the first professional to perform the diagnosis, contributing significantly to the treatment of eating disorders.

Atraumatic restorative treatment in permanent molars: a systematic review

Aim: This paper presents a systematic review of studies published within the last 10 years onAtraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in permanent molars. Methods: A systematic searchwas carried out in the MEDLINE and PubMed databases from April 1st 2001 to December 31st2010 using the term “atraumatic restorative treatment” and in the LILACS database using the term“tratamento restaurador atraumático”. The selection of publications was based on the followingcriteria: texts written in English, Spanish or Portuguese; presence of an abstract; and investigationof clinical aspects related to ART in permanent molars. Results: The analysis of abstracts led tothe selection of 26 studies. Recent clinical studies on ART in permanent molars of children,adolescents and young adults mainly address the survival of restorations through a comparisonbetween caries removal methods and restorative materials. The publications report a survivalsuccess rate of ART restorations ranging from 30 to 100% in permanent molars, which is similarto that reported for treatments employing conventional methods and materials. The success rate ofART sealants ranged from 6.2 to 98.5%. The number of studies reporting on the retention andcaries preventive effect of ART sealants was small. Conclusions: This systematic review revealedhigh survival rates for single-surface ART restorations in permanent molars and lower successrates for multiple-surface restorations. Clinical studies conducted with children, adolescents andyoung adults demonstrate a reliable clinical performance of single-surface and multi-surface ARTrestorations for 3-year and 2-year periods, respectively. However, long-term clinical studies arescarce and most of them focus on one-surface cavities...

Prevalence of dental trauma among 6-7-year-old children in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil

Dental trauma has a great impact on quality of life, affecting children physically, esthetically andpsychologically. Aim: To assess the prevalence of dental trauma in 6-7-year-old northeasternBrazilian children and its correlation with gender. Methods: This cross-sectional study wascarried out with 1,791 children attending 20 public schools in the city of Recife, Brazil. Datacollection included oral examination to identify indicators of traumatic dental injury, such as crowndiscoloration in incisors, and was conducted by 4 previously trained Graduate students (Kappa> 0.8). Traumatic dental injuries were classified according to Andreasen’s criteria. Root fracturewas not recorded as no radiographs were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’schi-square at a 5.0% level of significance. Results: The prevalence of dental trauma was 9.1%and males were significantly more affected. Crown discolorations followed by enamel fracturewere, respectively, the injuries indicators more frequently observed in primary and permanentdentition. The most affected teeth were the upper central incisors in both dentitions. Conclusions:The prevalence of dental trauma in primary teeth was low among 6-7-year-old children in the cityof Recife and showed association with gender.

Relação entre tipo de arco, espaço primata e cárie / Relationship between the arcade baume, primate space and the caries

Este estudo piloto teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre cárie dentária, espaço primata e tipo de arco em crianças com dentição decídua. A amostra foi composta por 21 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de três a cinco anos que compareceram por livre demanda no ano de 2009 à Clinica de Odontopediatria do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Para registro do tipo de arco foi adotado a classificação de Baume (tipo I com diastemas e tipo II sem diastemas) e para a cárie o índice ceo-d. Os dados foram coletados nas fichas clínicas dos pacientes e nos modelos de gesso das arcadas. Foi utilizado o Epi Info 6.04 para análise de dados. Pode-se concluir que o arco tipo II foi o mais frequente (71,4%) na amostra estudada, onde 100% dos pacientes apresentaram experiência de cárie. Não houve associação estatística entre o índice de cárie e o tipo de arco de acordo com Baume. Porém, ao relacionar o tipo de arco com a localização da lesão de cárie, houve um aumento de lesão interproximal nos pacientes com arco tipo II. A ausência de espaços primatas estava relacionado ao aumento do índice ceo-d e de lesão de cárie interproximal

This pilot study aimed to verify the Relation of dental caries, primate space and type of arch in children with primary dentition. The sample consisted of 21 patients of both genders, aged between three and five years, which spontaneously appeared to the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Dentistry Course at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. We adopted the Baume’s classification to record the type of arch (type I - with spacing and type II - without spacing) and used the dmft index for registration of caries. The data were collected from the dental records of patients and dental casts ofthe arcades. The Epi Info 6.04 software was used for the data analysis. The study concluded that the arch type II was the most frequently found in the sample, appearing in 71.4 % of the cases. All of the children had previous caries experience. No statistical association was found between the dmft index and the Baume’s arch classification. In spite of that, relating the arch type to the location of the caries lesion, it could be detected an increase of interproximal lesion among the surveyed children that presented the arch type II. The absence of primate spaces was related to the increase of the ceo-d index and interproximal caries lesion

Condição clínica dos primeiros molares permanentes: de crianças entre 6 e 8 anos de idade / Clinical aspects of first permanents molars - in children between 6 and 8 years old

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar as condições clínicas dos primeiros molares permanentes de crianças entre 6 e 8 anos de idade, atendidas no primeiro semestre de 2002, no Departamento de Odontologia da UFPE. A amostra constou de 49 crianças, 19 do sexo masculino e 30 do sexo feminino. As condições clínicas foram avaliadas pela ausência ou presença de placa visível e sangramento gengival e, ainda, se o dente estava cariado, hígido, restaurado ou com extração indicada. Observou-se deficiência de higienização das crianças atendidas devido ao grande grau de placa visível e, ainda, um aumento do CPO-D proporcional ao aumento da idade. Os dentes inferiores foram os mais acometidos por cárie. A prevalência de cárie nos primeiros molares permanentes foi de 23%, o percentual de dentes hígidos foi de 54,1%, de dentes com extração indicada foi de 8,1%, e o de dentes restaurados foi de 14,8%. O índice de sangramento gengival foi de 31,6%, sendo que 84,2% dos dentes apresentavam placa visível. Concluiu-se que a condição clínica dos primeiros molares permanentes das crianças participantes deste estudo é preocupante devido ao elevado índice de cárie e de doença periodontal.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical conditions of the first permanent molar in children between 6 and 8 years old, who were treated at the 2002 first semester, in the UFPE deontology department. Forty nine children were examined in this research, nineteen were male gender and thirty were female gender. The clinical conditions were analyzed by the presence or not of the visible dental plaque and gum bleeding, and also if the tooth had cavity, if it was caries free, if it was filled, or if it was indicated extraction. It was noted that the treated children had deficiency hygiene, because they used to have a high level of visible plaque and also that the DMFT increase according to the age. The lower teeth were the most frequently decayed. The caries prevalence in the first permanents molars were 23%, the percentual of the caries free teeth were 54,1%, teeth with indicated extraction were 8,1%, and filled teeth were 14,8%. The gum bleeding level was 31,6% and 84,2% had visible plaque. It was concluded that 84,2% have presence of visible dental plaque. The conclusion was that the first permanents molars clinical condition of the children that took part in this study is worrying because of the high level of caries and periodontal diseases.

The operator as a factor of success in ART restorations

Aim: To evaluate the operator as a factor of success in atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations. Methods: This was a clinical intervention study. The sample consisted of 271 glass-ionomercement (Ketac Molar, 3M ESPE) restorations placed in 246 children aged 5 to 9 years attending public schools in Recife, Brazil. The operators were two senior undergraduate dental students and one dentist, classified as ‘inexperienced’ and ‘experienced’, respectively. Two groups of children were formed: one treated by the undergraduate students and the other treated by the dentist. The evaluation of the restorations took place at 1, 4 and 12 months by three senior undergraduate dental students. Results: Comparing the operators, a significant difference was found in class II cavities filled by students, who had a lower rate of success. There were no differences between the dentist and undergraduate dental students for class I cavities. Conclusions: The operator’s experience makes a difference in the success rate of more complex ART restorations when an experienced operator receives the same training as an inexperienced operator.

Acessibilidade da Criança e do Adolescente com Deficiência na Atenção Básica de Saúde Bucal no Serviço Público: Estudo Piloto / Accessibility of Disabled Children and Adolescents to Basic Oral Health Attention at the Public Health system – A Pilot Study

Objetivo: Verificar a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade do instrumento de pesquisa e avaliar o acesso de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência ao serviço público de saúde bucal. Método: Participaram deste estudo piloto 67 responsáveis de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência física, mental, auditiva ou visual, cadastrados no Programa de Saúde da Família da cidade de Recife. Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa do tipo observacional descritiva. Para tanto, aplicou-se um formulário que possibilitou a identificação e caracterização da população, além do levantamento de dados referentes ao acesso aos serviços básicos de saúde bucal. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Constatou-se que o percentual de concordância para cada questão variou de 69,0% a 94,1% e os valores de kappa ariaram de 0,44 a 0,88. Verificou-se um baixo nível de escolaridade, como também de renda da maioria dos responsáveis. Percebeu-se que 50,7% havia procurado o atendimento na Unidade de Saúde da Família para seus filhos e, destes, apenas 50% recebeu atendimento. Foi observado que os principais motivos de não ter conseguido atendimento foram a indisponibilidade de vagas e a falta adaptação do profissional para atender pessoas com necessidades especiais. Em relação aos que não procuraram atendimento para seus filhos grande parte julgou melhor levar a outro serviço público, enquanto uma parcela considerável não achou necessária a busca pelo atendimento. Conclusão: A confiabilidade e a reprodutibilidade do instrumento de pesquisa foram satisfatórias. Entre os haviam procurado o serviço de saúde bucal da Unidade do Programa de Saúde da Família para seus filhos, a metade afirmou não ter conseguido o atendimento, citando como principal motivo a indisponibilidade de vaga.

Objective: To verify the reliability and reproducibility of the research instrument and to evaluate the access of disabled children and adolescents to the public oral health service. Method: Sixty-seven parents/caregivers of children and adolescents with physical, mental, auditory or visual disabilities enrolled at the Family Health Program of the city of Recife participated in this study. A quantitative descriptive observational study design was used. For such purpose, a form was applied to the participants to identify and characterize the population as well as to retrieve data referring to access to public oral health service. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results:The percentage of agreement for each question ranged from 69.0% to 94.1% and the Kappa values ranged from 0.44 to 0.88. The majority of the parents/caregivers had low education level and income. As much as 50.7% of them had sought treatment for their children at the Family Health Program Unit but only 50% of them actually received treatment. The main reasons for not receiving treatment were the unavailability of vacancies and lack of preparation of the professionals to treat special needs patients. Great part of those that did not seek treatment for their children at the Family Health Program Unit preferred to take them to another public service, while a considerable part of the studied population did not find necessary to seek treatment. Conclusion: The reliability and reproducibility of the research instrument were satisfactory. Half of the individuals that had thought the Family Health Program Unit’s oral health service for their children affirmed not to have received treatment, and mentioned the lack of vacancies as the main reason.